All five positions are derived from four games played by Paul Morphy. One, from a game against his father, is a position I had not studied prior to working through the first part of the book in February 2019, although I have a position from the game in my collection of exercises for students, Checkmates and Tactics (2019).
As noted yesterday, I wrote about the first position in the book shortly after it arrived in the mail. I noted there that two moves—both played by Morphy at different times—differ only slightly in their merits, but Morphy’s move in the reference game has been the dominant choice of masters. As both moves are playable, judgement is necessary. Engqvist’s observation that “one should avoid unproductive one-move threats” (14) is worth reviewing.
Positions 4 and 5 both derive from Schulten — Morphy, New York 1857, game 7 in GM-RAM. I have memories of attempting to imitate Morphy’s play in this game against a student in a blitz or rapid event a week or two after we had studied the game together. I remember his laugh as we found ourselves in the same opening. He won the tournament, but I won that game. Morphy’s play inspired my plans, but my young student avoided Schulten’s errors. That student achieved an expert rating as a high school student when he won the Spokane Falls Open in August 2019.
Both Engqvist and Ziyatdinov urged memorizing this game. Engqvist writes, “learn this model game by heart” (16). I had it lodged in my short-term memory when I was working through it with Ziyatdinov’s book about the time that I studied it with my young student, but I cannot completely reconstruct it from memory this morning.
Schulten, J. — Morphy, P.
New York 1857
New York 1857
1.e4 e5 2.f4 d5 3.exd5 e4!
I recall studying the opening stats and learning that 3…exf4 appears to score better. Nonetheless, I nearly always play 3…e4 here. I have had the position after 3.exd5 at least 426 times in online play. Black has won five games more than White. I've been White more often as the King's Gambit is an opening I play with some regularity. The first time that I played 3...e4 was in 2007 in a 15 minute game with a three second increment. I won in 45 moves.
My recollection of the game begins to falter here. I remember the next move, but with some uncertainty.
4.Nc3 Nf6
At first, I wrote Bb4 without sight of the board. I corrected the notation after checking the game score in 300 Most Important Chess Positions.
5.d3 Bb4
Of course, the timing of the bishop move is important, as here it pins the knight.
6.Bd2
Black to move
This is position 4 in Engqvist’s book. It does not appear in Ziyatdinov as a key position.
6…e3!
I played 6...exd3 in that 2007 game, which preceded my study of Morphy's game. I played 6...e3 for the first time in 2016. winning that game in 48 moves.
7.Bxe3 O-O 8.Bxd2 Bxc3
I still struggle with Morphy’s choice here, as it is not clear to me how the exchange of bishop for knight implements the principle of development.
9.bxc3
Why not Bxc3? This was the move played against me in 2016. According to the engines, bxc3 appears slightly better that capturing with the bishop.
9…Re8+ 10.Be2
This game is one of several Morphy games that merit study because of his effective use of pins. When my memory of this game gets me to point, I always remember Morphy’s moves when I’m able to recall Schulten’s.
10…Bg4 11.c4
Would Schulten have been better off here with 11.Nf3? Stockfish 16 favors 11.Kf2.
6…e3!
I played 6...exd3 in that 2007 game, which preceded my study of Morphy's game. I played 6...e3 for the first time in 2016. winning that game in 48 moves.
7.Bxe3 O-O 8.Bxd2 Bxc3
I still struggle with Morphy’s choice here, as it is not clear to me how the exchange of bishop for knight implements the principle of development.
9.bxc3
Why not Bxc3? This was the move played against me in 2016. According to the engines, bxc3 appears slightly better that capturing with the bishop.
9…Re8+ 10.Be2
This game is one of several Morphy games that merit study because of his effective use of pins. When my memory of this game gets me to point, I always remember Morphy’s moves when I’m able to recall Schulten’s.
10…Bg4 11.c4
Would Schulten have been better off here with 11.Nf3? Stockfish 16 favors 11.Kf2.
Black to move
Position number 5 in Engqvist is position number 150 in Ziyatdinov.
11…c6! 12.dxc6??
I identified this move as Schulten’s critical error when I first studied this game in detail, and capturing this pawn was one of my own errors in one of the worst tournament games I have played (see "Knowing Better"). In that game, my opponent played 3...c6!? and things went downhill quickly for me.
12…Nxc6-+ 13.Kf1
This position is number 151 in Ziyatdinov and I had it once doing tactics training on Chess.com.
13…Rxe2!
Morphy’s exchange sacrifice that maintains one of the pins on e2 is reminiscent of the Opera Game.
14.Nxe2 Nd4 15.Qb1
It is difficult to find a move for Schulten here that makes sense. The position is resignable.
15…Bxe2+ 16.Kf2 Ng4+ 17.Kg1
11…c6! 12.dxc6??
I identified this move as Schulten’s critical error when I first studied this game in detail, and capturing this pawn was one of my own errors in one of the worst tournament games I have played (see "Knowing Better"). In that game, my opponent played 3...c6!? and things went downhill quickly for me.
12…Nxc6-+ 13.Kf1
This position is number 151 in Ziyatdinov and I had it once doing tactics training on Chess.com.
13…Rxe2!
Morphy’s exchange sacrifice that maintains one of the pins on e2 is reminiscent of the Opera Game.
14.Nxe2 Nd4 15.Qb1
It is difficult to find a move for Schulten here that makes sense. The position is resignable.
15…Bxe2+ 16.Kf2 Ng4+ 17.Kg1
Black to move
Morphy has a forced mate in seven.
17...Nf3+ 18.gxf3 Qd4+ 19.Kg2 Qf2+ 20.Kh3 Qxf3 21.Kh4
Philip W. Sergeant, Morphy's Games of Chess (1957 [1916]), 229 ends the game score here, giving the moves to mate as a comment. Other books and some databases carry the game all the way to mate.
Both 21...Nh6 and 21...Ne3 finish the job. My students rarely find 21...Nh6 and then 22.h3 Nf5+ 23.Kg5 Qh5#.
17...Nf3+ 18.gxf3 Qd4+ 19.Kg2 Qf2+ 20.Kh3 Qxf3 21.Kh4
Philip W. Sergeant, Morphy's Games of Chess (1957 [1916]), 229 ends the game score here, giving the moves to mate as a comment. Other books and some databases carry the game all the way to mate.
Both 21...Nh6 and 21...Ne3 finish the job. My students rarely find 21...Nh6 and then 22.h3 Nf5+ 23.Kg5 Qh5#.
